I would be very surprised if your father-in-law still must pay taxes now that he is in a nursing home since his contribution of his income to the nursing home should be treated as a deductible health care cost. So there should be no reason to continue to have the taxes deducted from the pension. The Medicaid agency accordingly included all of the income in determining what must be paid to the nursing home. To check on this you could consult with a local accountant or elder law attorney.