The Veteran's Administration (VA) offers a pension benefit to low-income veterans (or their spouses) who are in nursing homes or who need help at home with everyday tasks like dressing or bathing. The pension, called Aid and Attendance, is currently underused, but impending regulations will soon make it available to even fewer veterans. The new regulations will for the first time specify asset limits for qualification and impose a look-back period and transfer penalties similar to Medicaid’s. The looming changes mean that those considering applying for Aid and Attendance should act quickly.
Currently, to be eligible for Aid and Attendance a veteran (or the veteran's surviving spouse) must meet certain income and asset limits. The asset limits aren't specified, but $80,000 is the amount usually used. However, unlike with the Medicaid program, there are no penalties if an applicant divests him- or herself of assets before applying.
The proposed regulations will set an asset limit of $119,220, which is the current amount (in 2015 and 2016) that a Medicaid applicant's spouse is allowed to retain. But in the case of the VA, this number will include both the applicant's assets and income. It will be indexed to inflation in the same way that Social Security increases. An applicant's house will not count as an asset, but there is a two-acre limit on the lot size that can be excluded.
The regulations also establish a three-year look-back provision. Applicants who transfer assets within three years of applying for benefits will be subject to a penalty period that can last as long as 10 years. To avoid the penalty, applicants will have to present clear and convincing evidence that the transfer was not made in order to qualify for Aid and Attendance benefits.
Under the new rules, the VA will determine a penalty period in months by dividing the amount transferred by the applicable maximum annual pension rate (MAPR). The MAPR for surviving spouses is a little more than half the MAPR for veterans, which means the penalty period for a surviving spouse would be almost twice as long as a veteran's penalty period would be for the same transferred asset.
It isn't clear yet when the new regulations will take affect, but they could be in place in the spring of 2017. If you are considering applying for Aid and Attendance benefits, you should start the process immediately. Contact your elder law attorney for help.
To read the regulations, click here.
For more information about veterans' benefits, click here.