Takeaways
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Dementia, which affects one in 10 older adults, is not a normal part of aging. Early detection and risk reduction are crucial.
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Recent research highlights several nontraditional risk factors for dementia, including mental health issues (loneliness and depression), sleep problems (insomnia), and socioeconomic factors (food insecurity).
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A new, less invasive blood test was FDA-approved in 2025 to help predict the development of Alzheimer’s disease in adults 50 and older with cognitive symptoms.
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Emerging evidence suggests that certain lifestyle factors may help prevent dementia, such as listening to music, regular physical activity, and possibly receiving the shingles vaccine.
With an estimated one in 10 older adults in the United States living with dementia, there is a growing focus on early detection and prevention. Dementia encompasses diseases that impair memory and cause cognitive decline. Common types of dementia include Alzheimer’s disease (the leading cause), Lewy Body dementia, and vascular dementia.
Most forms of dementia worsen over time, with a period of cognitive impairment preceding a formal diagnosis. When cognitive decline causes a loss of sense of self and limits one’s independence, dementia can significantly reduce quality of life.
Dementia is not a normal part of aging, despite what many people may assume. Reducing the risk of developing dementia and identifying risk early can prove essential for older adults. A growing body of research links dementia to loneliness, depression, insomnia, and even food insecurity. A new blood test may also be able to predict one’s risk of developing dementia.
Mental Health
Research published in the Journal of Nutrition Health and Aging found that people who have depression and loneliness have triple the risk of developing dementia. Depression is associated with dementia on its own, but it’s often accompanied by loneliness. While the research cannot point to a causal relationship, it does indicate a strong association between loneliness, depression, and dementia.
Those who have depression, live alone, or have other risk factors for loneliness should be evaluated for dementia.
Insomnia
Sleep is important for brain health. Insomnia can interfere with sleep, causing cognitive symptoms and worsening mood. Research shows that, like depression, insomnia is linked to dementia.
According to the Fisher Center for Alzheimer’s, one study found that older people with insomnia have a 40 percent higher risk of dementia or mild cognitive impairment. Lack of sleep sped up brain aging by three to four years and was associated with poorer performances on cognitive assessments. Those carrying the APOE-E4 gene, which is a genetic risk factor for Alzheimer’s, were particularly vulnerable when suffering from insomnia.
As with depression, people experiencing insomnia may benefit from dementia screening.
Food Insecurity
In addition to depression and insomnia, food insecurity has also been linked to dementia.
The U.S. Department of Agriculture defines households as food insecure if they are “uncertain of having or unable to acquire enough food to meet the needs of all their members because they had insufficient money or other resources for food.”
Research published in the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) found that low food security was associated with a higher dementia risk. The association was stronger for adults under 65. Stress, poor nutrition, and socioeconomic factors may explain why food insecurity is related to dementia.
Blood Test
If you or a loved one have one or more risk factors for dementia, consider speaking with your health care provider about next steps.
A new blood test may also be able to predict the development of Alzheimer’s disease. The Food and Drug Administration approved the test, which is called Lumipulse, in May 2025, making it the first FDA-approved blood test for Alzheimer’s, the Mayo Clinic reports.
The test uses a routine blood sample drawn at a doctor’s office or lab, making it much less invasive than preexisting tests. The sample is measured for proteins, including a specific form of a protein that can indicate amyloid plaques in the brain that characterize Alzheimer’s disease.
Assessed to be over 90 percent effective, doctors can use the test as part of a bigger diagnostic picture. Lumipulse is approved for adults 50 and older with cognitive symptoms.
Recent Findings on Potential Prevention of Dementia
Some of the main risk factors for dementia are now well-established. They include age, certain health problems (such as diabetes or high blood pressure), lower levels of education in early life, and even air pollution.
Meanwhile, research has also uncovered some ways that may help reduce one’s risk of developing dementia, such as maintaining a healthy weight, staying mentally active, and drinking less alcohol or quitting smoking. In recent years, scientists have found some additional – and interesting – things that might serve as sources of prevention.
- Music. A study from 2025 found that just listening to music was linked to a 39 percent lower risk of dementia. It also seemed to help with improved cognitive well-being in healthy older adults. In addition, playing a musical instrument was linked to a lower risk.
- Too little free time. Australian scientists found that not having enough free time during the day might increase the risk of dementia.
- Cheese. Surprisingly, a new Swedish study suggested that middle-aged and older adults who ate full-fat cheese and cream had a 13 to 17 percent lower risk of Alzheimer’s disease. However, as one news story points out, the data “do not justify eating large amounts of cheese or cream as protective foods against dementia.”
- Regular physical activity in midlife and late life. Boston University researchers recently showed that starting to exercise during middle age or later life might help prevent dementia. People who exercised the most had a 41 to 45 percent lower risk compared with those who exercised the least.
- Shingles vaccine. Research from last year suggested that people who received the shingles vaccine had about a 20 percent lower risk of developing dementia over the next seven years than those who did not get the vaccine.
Looking Forward
As science hones in on the risk factors for dementia and more effective testing emerges, we may see a brighter future for aging and brain health. Being aware of potential risk factors for dementia-causing diseases as well as available screening tests can give older adults and their families a greater sense of agency and optimism as they approach the future.
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