SCOTUS Probes Disability Accessibility Tester’s Standing

U.S. Supreme Court building with American flag flying out front.On October 4, 2023, the Supreme Court heard oral arguments for Acheson Hotels, LLC v. Laufer, a case addressing who has standing to bring a disability discrimination claim.

Although she never intended to stay there, Deborah Laufer visited the website of an inn owned by Acheson Hotels to see if it complied with the Americans with Disabilities Act. She found that there was no information about room accessibility. Acting as a tester to evaluate ADA compliance, she sued more than 600 hotels for disability discrimination.

Since Ms. Laufer never intended to visit the inn, Acheson Hotels argued that she did not have standing to bring the claim. Although the trial court rejected her case for lack of standing, the U.S. Court of Appeals found she had standing because the inn’s website violated her right to information by not having accessibility information.

The hotel appealed to the Supreme Court, and Ms. Laufer agreed, seeking a precedential resolution of the standing question. However, after an attorney who represented her in similar cases faced sanctions for misconduct, her strategy changed. Not wanting the attorney’s misconduct to taint the case, she requested that the highest court deny the case and invalidate the appellate court’s decision. Despite Ms. Laufer's request, SCOTUS reviewed the case.

During the oral argument, the justices first probed whether the case was moot. Justice Samuel Alito emphasized that the hotel has changed ownership, the website is now in compliance with the ADA, and the plaintiff is no longer pursuing her claim, suggesting that an opinion on standing could only be advisory. Those who indicated that they thought the case was likely dead included Justices Clarence Thomas, Ketanji Brown Jackson, Samuel Alito, and Elena Kagan.

The attorney for the hotel directed the court to focus on the original standing issue: whether a tester has standing to sue. Justices John Roberts and Amy Coney Barrett seemed in favor of resolving the mootness issue. Declining to address the central issue of the case would open the door for litigants to moot a case as an evasive strategy, Justice Roberts expressed.

The court also discussed whether to address standing or mootness first. While Justice Sonia Sotomayor suggested that mootness inquiry should come before standing because no case exists addressing standing first, Justice Roberts reasoned that logic dictates that the standing question should come before the mootness inquiry.

They also probed what types of actions would give a tester standing and whether a tester would need to have concrete travel plans to have standing. Justice Sotomayor implied that a person need not have solid travel plans to experience discrimination, as would-be travelers often look at multiple options before finalizing an itinerary.

A decision is expected in the summer of 2024.

Listen to the oral argument or read the full transcript.